Do I need a preservative
The maximum likelihood method was used, and the phylogenetic tree was constructed with Mega5 software
Astaxanthin dosage Clinical studies on astaxanthin have tested a wide range of daily doses typically between 4mg and 12mg, though some trials extend up to 2040mg for short durations.11 36 38 45 Most human studies showing measurable benefits for oxidative stress, skin health, cognition, and eye comfort fall within the 612mg range.1 2 9 23 27 Doses at the higher end of that range appear to have the most consistent effects on markers of oxidative stress, such as MDA and increased SOD activity.22 37 Several studies examining exercise performance, sleep quality, cognition, and digital eye strain have also used 12mg daily.4 7 8 9 There is currently no official recommended daily intake for astaxanthin

For example, vitamin E can thin the blood, making it potentially risky to take with blood thinners.17 And artificial vitamin C can cause some types of chemotherapy to work less effectively and even increase your risk of cyanide poisoning.18 Additionally, fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, and K) don't get quickly excreted in your urine like water-soluble ones, making it easier to exceed your upper daily limit and cause health problems instead of helping them.19 For example, adults 19 and older who take more than the upper limit of 3,000mcg of vitamin A may experience:20 Headaches Blurred vision Nausea Dizziness Muscle aches Coordination difficulties And, in very severe cases, an excess of vitamin A can even lead to coma or death.20 Puritan's Pride is generally good at not overdosing its vitamins outside of the upper daily limit, but we recommend making sure to double-check

Additionally, BCL2L13 can regulate mitochondrial morphology by mediating mitochondrial fission through its four BH domains [155]