Oral supplements take an obstacle course
But they have a critical, often catastrophic, flaw: a profoundly poor blood supply
Dark circles usually stem from: Pigmentation (especially in darker skin tones) Poor blood circulation under the eyes Collagen breakdown leading to hollowness Oxidative stress and sun damage Lack of hydration or sleep If youre treating only the outer skin and ignoring internal factors like oxidative stress and melanin production, youre only doing half the job
Serum limitation-induced senescent fibroblasts model and effect of FOXO4-DRI Passage 3 fibroblasts derived from keloids and normal skins were cultured in a Dulbeccos Modified Eagles medium (DMEM, Hyclone, Logan, Utah, USA) containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS, Gibco, Grand Island, NY, USA) to 90% confluence, and then cultured in a DMEM containing 2% FBS for 3 days to construct a serum limitation-induced senescent fibroblast model
Liu B, Zhao C, Li H, Chen X, Ding Y, Xu S (2018a) Puerarin protects against heart failure induced by pressure overload through mitigation of ferroptosis